It has to go in a custom footer (not html module) to work*. The source, which also has some interesting thoughts on the desirability of disabling right click, is below: http://javascript.about.com/library/blnoright.htm *Using in a custom footer:replace all code in xslt box with this: ]]>

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Saturday, September 09, 2006

By all means, fall in love but not with yourself By Dr. Dante Ang

By all means, fall in love but not with yourself
(Speech delivered by Dr. Dante Ang before UST students)
Manila Times

First of three parts

I trust that by now, most of the students at the University of Sto. Tomas must be familiar with the raging controversy that enveloped the recently concluded nursing board examination and its attendant issues.

Briefly, cheating did indeed occur in Tests 3 and 5 of the exam.

The leaked manuscripts came from two members of the Board of Nursing. One blamed poor health; the other, outright ignorance.

The manuscripts eventually found their way to the Gapuz, Inress and Pentagon review centers.

In Baguio City all available photocopy shops were contracted and reams upon reams of leaked questions were photocopied and ultimately distributed to the examinees. For a fee, I suppose.

In Manila the Inress review center had its “final coaching” held at the SM Megamall, attended by some 22 deans of nursing colleges, whose identities remain unknown at this writing. A number of reviewers also attended the coaching session.

Despite the admission of leakages, the Philippine Regulatory Commission (PRC), the Board of Nursing (BON) and some “successful” examinees refused to admit that the June 2006 Board exam has become unreliable and that it has subsequently tainted all participants, including the honest ones.

The PRC and BON insist that they have cleansed the examination of the virus and, therefore, its integrity remains intact. Some of those who passed the test agree with this assessment and are saying that they should be allowed to take their oath and their license issued in the interest of fairness.

“Punish the guilty and spare the innocent. No retake,” so goes the “cry for justice” of the board and the commission.

But in asking for a retake, are we sparing the guilty and punishing the innocent?

Consider this. Didn’t the PRC and BON punish the innocent when the test grades and assigned weights were re­computed, thus effectively lowering the passing average and eroding the level of competence of those who passed the nursing board?

Didn’t the PRC and BON punish the innocent when, in their haste to prevent the cheaters from benefiting from the leak, they invalidated 20 questions for Test 3 and reduced the percent weight for Test 5 from 20 to 10, thereby lowering the passing average and consigning those who must have excelled in the exam to the level of mediocrity?

Didn’t the PRC and BON punish the innocent when in their scramble to cover their incompetence, they gave a 2-percent bonus to the examinees, allowing 1,600 flunkers to pass, throwing the unqualified in the ranks of the competent ones?

Didn’t the PRC and BON punish the innocent and damage the interests of the honest nurses by lumping the cheats and the innocent together, tainting the integrity of professional nurses and jeopardizing their employability here and abroad?

Forked tongue

To confuse the public and obviate the relevant issues, the PRC and BON resorted to employing an American and a Filipina partner who tried to mislead our nurses by announcing publicly that “the 17,000 and 1,000 nurses are hired provided they pass NCLEX.” As the Indian would say in a Western movie: “Pale face speaks with forked tongue.”

In the first place, the two are outright recruiters. They have no power to hire nurses for employment to the United States. Note their qualifier: “After passing the NCLEX and interview with the American hospital.”

And there lies the problem. In the first place, I am not very optimistic that the incompetents will pass the NCLEX. And even if they did, I doubt if they could hurdle the personal interview where core competence, attitude, work ethic and values are the main focus of the one-on-one meeting.

All right, I’ll grant that even the incompetents can make it to the United States. Good luck. After all, the PRC and BON say that there are other modes of determining the core competency of the nurses, like school records and clinical experience.

(To be continued)

By all means, fall in love but not with yourself part II
Manila Times

(Dr. Dante A. Ang’s speech before University of Santo Tomas students)

Second of three parts

All right, I’ll grant that even the incompetents can make it to the United States. Good luck. After all, the PRC and BON say that there are other modes of determining the core competency of the nurses, like school records and clinical experience.

That being the case, perhaps we should abolish the PRC. Following its logic, the commission has become superfluous, an unnecessary bureaucratic layer and an added burden to our professionals. May I remind the PRC that, like the Central Bank, it is the repository of public trust, of confidence, of integrity. It sets the national standard of excellence for our board exams.

Instead of correcting their mistakes, what did the PRC and BON do? They tried to inveigle the nurses into believing that, contrary to the general notion, the nurses are not suffering from any form of stigma and that jobs await them here and in countries abroad.

To prove that point, the PRC presented an American recruiter and a Filipina partner who said that they are hiring the June 2006 batch, all 17,000 of them. Yet in the same breath, the recruiter said, provided our nurses pass the NCLEX and the personal interview. This is B.S.

Did you know that recruiters are paid by the American hospitals $100 for each referral and from $7,000 to $10,000 for each nurse recruited? You may want to ask: how many of our nurses have signed up with this American recruiter and his partner?

Oh yes, this American and his partner would want us to believe that their hearts are bleeding for the Filipino nurses, except that they are crying all the way to the bank.

I wonder if they have secured a written approval from the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration to advertise their job vacancies. Maybe they did. But to announce on television that 17,000 or even 1,000 are hired even before these nurses could fill out an application form, their act must be more than a violation of the POEA rules; it is an outright lie!

I’d say, throw these “vultures” out of the country for living off the misery of our nurses and for engaging in double talk, invariably raising false hopes among the nurses. If that’s not a crime, what is?

I can go on and on with the list of how the PRC and BON have inflicted harm, how they have tarred the integrity and image of our honest and competent nurses. But let us set that aside momentarily and talk briefly about the June 2006 batch whose interests, according to the PRC, BON and some successful examinees, will be prejudiced if they retake Tests 3 and 5.

“No retake. Punish the guilty. Spare the innocent,” cry the commission, the board and the takers. One would not argue with such a cry, unless one remembers that the leakage was so pervasive that it is almost impossible to objectively distinguish the innocent from the guilty.

Besides, 90 out of 100 questions for Test 5 were leaked, reducing its weight from 20 percent to 10 (even granting they passed the module with flying colors), sending their grades down, bringing down their bar of competence and consigning them to the depths of mediocrity.

Worse, the PRC and the BON, in a sweeping, dubious and illogical move, employed a statistical mumbo-jumbo that effectively punished the innocent along with the guilty.

We talk of fairness, justice and the rights of the nurses. Fine. We should also continue to protect and uphold the privileges of our nurses.

The rights of the patients

That’s one side of the story. The other side is the right and responsibility of the hospitals to employ competent, trustworthy nurses who can take care of the old, the young and the sick. And what about the rights of the patients? Who cares about them?

The prerogatives of the patients make up the bigger part of the rights issue. In the end, nurses are sworn to serve the weak, the old and the sick. Serving the patients, to my mind, is the nurse’s raison d’être. Without the patient, there would be no need for a nurse.

That being the case, the interest of the nurse is conflated with the interest of the patient. The patient’s well-being is supreme and takes precedence over the rights of the nurse.

The issue, therefore, is not whether the nurse passed the board exam or not. It has more to do with the competence of the nurse and the patient’s trust and confidence in the nurse; there is no other issue.

I hope I have illuminated your minds with my oft-repeated line on the issue of the June 2006 nursing board. But more than that, I also want to talk to you about the relevance of the anomaly to our search for excellence and success, professional and personal. Surely, there must be lessons learned from it all.

I want to talk to you about values, and how they help shape our destiny as a people. Values mold character, that one rare commodity that separates the successful from the mediocre; the serene from the miserable; man from beast.

But first, allow me to take my hat off to the nurses and other health-care professionals. You are a class all your own. A cut above the rest. I salute you all.

A nurse belongs to a rare breed. Like the religious, nursing is not just a profession; it is a vocation. To be a nurse is to dedicate oneself to the service of the poor, the old, the sick and the dying.

To be a nurse is to think beyond oneself; to think beyond the borders of worldly possessions, beyond rewards. Your reward, as the saying goes, is your service to the sick, the family of the patient and to the community.

The nurse is the epitome of humility, dedication, selflessness, care and compassion.
We should thank the world for the nurses. Thank you, Ms. Or Mrs. Nurse.

But I came here to talk to you about values, about honor, about character.

Look around us. Observe. Have you ever wondered why despite the technological advances at our disposal today and the comfort they offer, many of us remain dissatisfied, unhappy and aimless?

Have you ever wondered what the world has finally become despite our acquisitive technology and the collective wisdom of man? The world has remained a place where the reason of force prevails over the force of reason.

Have you ever wondered why, despite the abundance of wisdom and wealth of experience, man remains essentially the beast he once was, devouring the weak, the innocent, the vulnerable?

Which brings me to my next question: If you were to make a choice, what would it be: Character or success? Wealth or family? Take your pick.


SENT VIA EMAIL

Medical workers may be losers in FTA

Medical workers may be losers in FTA
http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20060909a2.html

By GLENN OMANIO
MANILA (Kyodo) Philippine officials may be upbeat about finalizing the bilateral free-trade agreement with Japan this weekend, but there is some concern that the country's medical workers will be the losers in the deal.


Josephine Cerita teaches the Japanese names of body parts to a group of women at the Philippine-Japan Industrial and Cultural Exchange Foundation in Quezon City, north of Manila, in November 2004. AP PHOTO

The FTA will mean freer movement of people between the two countries, something the Philippines welcomes. Professionals, including doctors and nurses, are eager to get high-paying jobs in wealthy countries.

Japan is keen to follow other rich countries by having foreign nurses fill the shortage at home and has opened its labor market to Filipino nurses and caregivers.

But Filipinos may be in for a big disappointment as Japan has put in the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement that it will only accept caregivers who are college graduates, and nurses who are fluent in Japanese and can pass its nursing license examination -- in Japanese.

Analysts say Japan's position of only giving visas to health workers who can speak Japanese could backfire as the rising demand for health workers in wealthy nations, also facing rapidly aging populations and falling fertility rates, will mean stiff competition to get workers from poorer countries.

The agreement does not specify the number of nurses Japan will accept, but media reports said that Tokyo will set an initial cap of 500 nurses per year and will increase the number depending on the need.

"Japan seemingly wants to preserve the homogeneity of its people. In a very global world, it is an exception. Japan should learn from other countries on their openness in accepting other people," said Federico Macaranas, head of the Manila-based Asian Institute of Management Policy Center.


http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20060909a2.html

Macaranas said that while fluency in the local language is important for nurses to perform their duties, Japan could relax this requirement to allowing non-Japanese speakers to serve English-speaking Japanese people. He said many English speakers in Japan are wealthy and can afford to hire private nurses and caregivers.

Marilyn Yap, president of the Philippine Nurses Association, said the language requirement is harsh and decreases the chances of Filipino nurses passing the national exam.

"In order for you to take the Japanese board exam, you have to master the language. It takes time. That's our concern," Yap said.

An indication of just how hard a Japanese exam would be for Filipino nurses is the the pass rate for information technology workers, who also must take a certification exam. A average of 5 percent of Filipino applicants have passed the exam since it was offered in 2002.

In an test program in the mid-1990s, only one of 13 Filipino nurses finished the two-year Japanese language program and passed the national nursing exam.

Yap said Japan will have to compete with other countries in attracting Filipino nurses and caregivers, adding Japan should offer higher salaries and better nonmonetary packages to compensate for the language requirements.

Given the same salary and work benefits, Filipino nurses, most who speak English fluently, would rather choose English-speaking countries such as the United States or Britain over Japan because of the language barrier.

"It remains to be seen if Filipino nurses will be accepting offers to work in Japan. I am reluctant," Yap of the nurses association said. "If there are any other options easier, I'd take that."

Every year, as many as 8,000 Filipino nurses leave for Saudi Arabia, continental Europe and the United States, according to Philippine labor statistics.

The United States remains the favorite destination. Nurses can bring their families and they earn as much as $ 4,000 a month compared to the $ 200 they get at home, studies show.

The World Health Organization estimates that by 2008, Britain will need 25,000 doctors and 250,000 nurses while the United States will need around 1 million nurses in the next decade to meet the projected shortfall.


FROM : http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20060909a2.html

NURSING EXAM LEAKAGE: A MOTHER'S PLEA TO THE PRC

Nursing exam leakage: a mother’s plea to the PRC

Inquirer
Last updated 02:06am (Mla time) 09/09/2006

Published on Page A12 of the September 9, 2006 issue of the Philippine Daily Inquirer

I AM a mother of a newly registered nurse. I was once an instructor and I understand and empathize with the sentiments of the members of the Philippine Nurses Association. But as a mother, I deeply feel the anguish that the leakage in the June 2006 nursing licensure exam has caused my daughter and family.

As a government employee, providing for our family’s basic needs with a meager income is a struggle. We incurred huge debts while my daughter was in school. We sent her to the best school in Manila. Believing in quality education as well as the support of the College Assurance Plan, we were forced to let her continue her studies even though it was beyond our financial capacity. Another exam would cost us a fortune.

My point here is: Conduct a thorough investigation to identify and punish the culprits behind the leakage. The leakage was a wake-up call for education officials. Sad to say, we have always been reactive rather than proactive.

All right, the students are no longer going to pay the examination fees should they be made to take the board exam again. But what about those who are in provinces that are far from the examination centers? Who’s going to shoulder again the fare and the board and lodging of the examinees? And what about the time and the mental anguish they have again to go through as they do their best just so they can pass the exam?

My suggestion -- call this an appeal -- to the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) is for its officials to look deeper into the root cause of the problem, never mind that such an exercise might be too late. I was hopeful and prayerful that they haven’t thrown caution to the wind by saying that the successful examinees of that June board exam would have a hard time finding a job in a hospital here and abroad. I believe it was too unfair for those who studied hard to pass the exam. Identify those who caused this problem and spare the innocent.

Let me reiterate: Let’s move on to the real issue; punish only those behind this scandal. Let us strengthen the PRC system. Let us examine our values, and inculcate and reinforce them in our children.

I am against a “retake.” I am for being fair and objective. Our institutions and hospitals should exercise prudence and should not be judgmental. Let there be a win-win solution to this scandal, and let that be one that will reduce the stress, the pain and the emotional and financial anguish of everyone concerned, most of all, the innocent.

CHERIBIN MENA K. VILORIA, OSWDS, Cotabato City

FROM: http://opinion.inq7.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view_article.php?article_id=19997

NBI files charges vs 2 Board of Nursing members for exam leakage

NBI files charges vs 2 Board of Nursing members for exam leakage

The Philippine Star 09/09/2006

Two former Board of Nursing (BON) examiners accused of involvement in the alleged leakage in last June’s nursing licensure examinations were charged on Thursday by the National Bureau of Investigation before the Office of the Ombudsman with violating the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act and the law modernizing the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC).

Overall Deputy Ombudsman Orlando Casimiro, chairman of the five-member investigating panel formed by Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez, said they will first evaluate the documents from the NBI to determine whether to conduct another investigation, or proceed with the preliminary investigation of Anesia Dionisio and Virginia Madeja.

Based on the NBI’s report to the Office of the Ombudsman, the two former BON members were recommended for prosecution before the Sandiganbayan.

Regional Director Elfren Meneses Jr., NBI Anti-Fraud and Computer Crimes Division chief, said Dionisio and Madeja were charged as principals.

"So if they are found guilty of the crime, they might have to suffer between 6-12 years imprisonment," he said.

The two were charged before the Office of the Ombudsman because they were government employees when the alleged crime was committed, he added.

The NBI said a source of the alleged leakage was Dionisio’s manuscript, which bore handwritten corrections.

It contained 495 questions that came out in the nursing licensure examinations and answers similar to actual ones given to the PRC, the NBI added.

The NBI said it received information that Dionisio never relegated the copy of the original manuscript, and that during its investigation she allegedly gave alibis of its loss but was not able to provide any proof.

Dionisio prepared the questions for Test III and V in the nursing licensure examinations, the NBI added.

In her defense, Madeja told the NBI that the questionnaires might have been leaked to the public when she went to a computer shop to photocopy questions for the examinations.

When she noticed someone was watching her, she decided to leave the place, she added.

She was a new BoN member and was not aware that many unscrupulous people were interested in obtaining an advance copy of the test questions, Madeja said.

However, the NBI said that even if Madeja has only been with the BoN for 45 days, it was not a guarantee of her innocence.

"The claim of Madeja appears to be untenable," the NBI said in a 10-page transmittal to the Office of the Ombudsman.

"Being a member of the Board and one who maintains a very secure office, Madeja could have easily secured the reproduction of documents thereat to avoid the prying eyes of the public.

"Having very valuable materials in her custody, she should have realized early on the risks that it would entail if she would roam around the streets of Metro Manila, more so have them photocopied in an ordinary computer shop."

About 42,000 examinees took the nursing board examinations last June 11 and 12.

The examinees in Baguio City who finished the examinations early reportedly wore jackets bearing the logo "RA Gapuz."

Several people reportedly protested before the PRC regional office in Baguio and complained that there was a leakage in the materials.

Gutierrez named Director Susan Guillermo vice-chairwoman of the investigating panel, and Director Eulogio Cecilio, and lawyers Mary Antonette Yalao and Silverio Manuel Jr. as members.

Meanwhile, PRC officials are not inclined to attend the Senate hearings on the alleged leakage in the nursing licensure examinations despite the threat of being declared in contempt of the Senate.

Commissioner Renato Valdecantos said they could not appear in the hearings because of President Arroyo’s Memorandum Order No. 108.

"We have always been willing to appear there ever since the first invitation," he said. "But since the PRC is under the Office of the President, we are bound by the memorandum issued by the President."

Valdecantos said as prescribed in the memorandum, they requested the Senate to provide them in advance a list of questions that would be asked of them during the hearings.

They also asked to be given the information "as to the possible needed statute which prompted the inquiry" in aid of legislation, he added.

Until now, they have not received such information, Valdecantos said.

Last Thursday, Sen. Rodolfo Biazon issued a one-page order directing the PRC officials to explain why they failed to attend the hearings. — Evelyn Macairan, Mike Frialde, Sheila Crisostomo


FROM: http://www.philstar.com/philstar/NEWS200609090414.htm

NBI wants nursing examiners charged

NBI wants nursing examiners charged
http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2006/sept/09/yehey/top_stories/20060909top3.html


The National Bureau of Investigation has recommended the filing of charges against two Board of Nursing (BON) examiners for leaking questions in the June 2006 Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE), ANC reported Friday.

The NBI investigating body passed the recommendation to the Office of the Ombudsman Thursday.

The NBI said in its recommendation that BON examiners Anesia Dionisio and Virginia Madeja should be prosecuted for violating Republic Act 8981 (Professional Regulation Commission Modernization Act) and Republic Act 3019 (Antigraft and Corrupt Practices Act).

The NBI report said Dionisio’s excuse that she lost the original copy of her test questions was unacceptable since she never reported the incident before inquiries set by both the PRC and BON.

“The custody of the original manuscript was never relegated by Dionisio. Only during the investigation before the BON did she give excuses for its loss,” the NBI report said.

The bureau also rejected Madeja’s assertion that her manuscript could have been copied while she was photocopying test questions at a computer shop.


http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2006/sept/09/yehey/top_stories/20060909top3.html

The NBI probe corroborated an earlier PRC investigation that found Dionisio and Madeja responsible for the NLE leakage.

The PRC investigation also pinned George Cordero, former president of the Philippine Nurses Association, based on witnesses’ testimonies, that he paid P7 million to get copies of the leaked questions.

Leaked questions were allegedly shown to examinees during the “final coaching” conducted by Inress Review Center in SM Manila last June that was allegedly attended by Cordero. Cordero, who owns Inress, denied the allegations.

Reports said that despite the clamor for a retake of the nursing exam, only three passers signed a waiver with PRC that they are willing to invalidate their passing grades and take the December exam.

PRC Chairman Leonor Tripon-Rosero said passers have until November to sign the waiver.

--ABS-CBN Interactive
FROM :
http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2006/sept/09/yehey/top_stories/20060909top3.html

PRC, NBI officials may face arrests for contempt

07 - PRC, NBI officials may face arrests for contempt
http://ofw.balita.ph/html/article.php/20060908001419632

Four officials from the Professional Regulatory Commission and the National Bureau of Investigation may face arrest for contempt after they ignored summons issued by the Senate to appear before the Upper Chamber which is conducting an investigation in the June 2006 nursing test leakage.

Senator Rodolfo Biazon, chairman of the Senate committee on civil service and government reorganization, said PRC Chairman Leonor Tripon Rosero, PRC Commissioner Renato Valdecantos, PRC Commission Avelina Dela Rea and NBI Anti-Fraud and Computer Crimes Division Chief Elfren Meneses should explain their failure to appear before the Senate.

"I've written demand letter to the PRC and the NBI to show cause why they should not be held in contempt when they failed to respond to the subpoena issued last week. I gave them five days, up to tomorrow Friday (to answer)," he said.

Biazon said that if the four officials will not respond to the show cause order on Friday, he will issue another subpoena where the next hearing is on Thursday next week.


http://ofw.balita.ph/html/article.php/20060908001419632

"If they do not appear on Thursday , then the next issuance would be a warrant of arrest, that's what is going to be done. This is according to the rules, to the law to the Constitution," he said.

The PRC and NBI officials failed to show up in three hearings in the Senate citing Memorandum Circular 108 issued by Malacanang prescribing guidelines for the appearances of executive officials before appearing in congressional inquiries.

Senator Richard Gordon said the PRC officials should also be relieved of their posts for not cooperating with the Senate to address the nursing leakage issue.

Senate President Manuel Villar said the Senate will allow the PRC officials concerned to explain why they should not be cited for contempt for ignoring the subpoena.

"We will ask their explanations and we will schedule another hearing and if they again failed to attend it, we will be obliged to use the power vested upon us by the Constitution, which is to cite them for contempt and issue arrest warrant," he said.(PNA)

http://ofw.balita.ph/html/article.php/20060908001419632

Declining quality of nursing schools traced to loose regulation

PIA Press Release
09/09/2006
Declining quality of nursing schools traced to loose regulation
http://www.pia.gov.ph/news.asp?fi=p060909.htm&no=06


By Mai Gevera

Davao City (9 September) -- Despite the remarkable hiring rate of Filipino nurses in the United States and other European countries, many are still questioning the poor passing rate during the recent Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE).

Philippine Nursing Association Corporate Secretary Dr. Roberto Palec expressed his utmost disappointment on the poor passing rate of this year's exam.

Palec attributed the poor result to the declining quality of education delivered by many nursing schools.

" Now we see plenty of schools opening here and there." He explained how the high demand of nurses abroad has encouraged the people in the community to make it as a business.

Also a college dean himself, he admitted how owners of nursing schools tried to sacrifice the quality of education given to students.

Palec, who is also the Governor for PNA Region XI, admitted that there are only three nursing schools in the city which deserve to be called "real schools".

However, due to unexplored reasons the number of schools grew to a number.

"I know that the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has the power to issue permits for the schools. I also know that the Board of Nursing (BON) is also tasked to give recommendation to be considered by the CHED," he said.


http://www.pia.gov.ph/news.asp?fi=p060909.htm&no=06

Despite such guideline, Palec claimed that the recommendations given by the BON are only put to waste as the decision solely comes from CHED.

Palec bared that most of the nursing schools given license to operate were owned by influential people in the community like politicians.

" Kahit walang totoong building at facilities, walang highly-qualified dean at class professors, mayroon pa ring nakakalusot at nabibigyan ng permit. Yan ang napakalaking tanong dito," he said.

As stated in the guidelines, a nursing school must have teachers with Masters in Nursing. However, it turned out that there are schools operating without highly-qualified instructors.

" How then could we expect examinees from these kind of schools pass the test and become competitive enough to serve?" he asked.

Not just the loose regulation and business-minded school owners, Palec also blamed the parents of the students as having to do with the declining quality of nursing schools.

"If you do not enroll your kids in these schools, then they would definitely close on their own."

However, Palec recognizes the fact that parents, wanting their kids to immediately finish a nursing degree so they could land a good job abroad, are the ones tolerating this kind of trade.

He urged the parents to only trust legal schools to be assured of a high quality education for their children. (PIA XI)


FROM : http://www.pia.gov.ph/news.asp?fi=p060909.htm&no=06

Friday, September 08, 2006

NCLEX-RN Information- ALL ABOUT ELIGIBILITY

Hi Guys,

Well recently we received an email from an avid follower of PinoyBSN. First of all together with the rest of the administrators thank you very much for your support. And we are very glad that we could be of help in giving you the latest issues and information concerning nurses. In the name of helping and giving information I am here to answer some of common NCLEX- RN Questions.

Fastest Way To Get ELIGIBILITY

First of all, I would just like to correct that AUTHORIZATION TO TEST (ATT) is given by PEARSON VUE the one facilitating the NCLEX-RN exam. So what I think was meant is the fastest way to get ELIGIBILITY because before you can even get your ATT you need to have an eligibility.

Anyways, VERMONT and NEW MEXICO are considered the fastest. One reason would be because its location is not much of a popular choice for Filipinos to get their initial licensing up until now. In some forums and feedback from friends, New Mexico can release ELIGIBILITY as soon as 3 weeks. The longest to release would be CALIFORNIA since they do all the job unlike the other states who hires the services of companies like the CGFNS which gives way to CES and CVS evaluation. And since most of the US States removed the CGFNS Certification/ Exam the CES and CVS kind of covers for that with its detailed evaluation of your credentials.

Eligibility can really vary from one person to the other. Aside from the process of the state in which you are applying to also take note of the bulk of those applying for each state. California is a popular choice since most Filipinos have relatives in that area.

Also, make sure that when you submit your documents all the information or areas to be filled out are completed. Lesser errors and mistakes means lesser chances of having your application delayed.

Trying to follow up your application also helps to identify if there are any discrepancies or missing and lacking information. But do not also bombard the Board as this also delays your processing. Also try looking in to the FAQ's area of their site to answer some of your questions.

Joan's Notes: All information were based from different sources such as reading materials, seminars, forums etc. For your own verification please try to visit and ask others re such matter. For those who have questions feel free to email me at joangillen@gmail.com and I shall do my best to answer your queries and post it here on the web. Look out for more information on NCLEX-RN here in PinoyBSN!!


DOCTORS, NURSES PICKET PRC OFFICE

DOCTORS, NURSES PICKET PRC OFFICE
http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl104594.htm

MANILA, SEPTEMBER 8, 2006 (STAR) By Sheila Crisostomo - Doctors, nurses, health workers and students picketed the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) offices in Sampaloc, Manila yesterday to demand a speedy investigation into the alleged leakage in last June’s nursing licensure examinations.

Rosamond Olivar, a nurse at the Philippine General Hospital, and Health Alliance for Democracy (HEAD) spokeswoman, said those behind the irregularity should be identified and prosecuted to preserve the integrity of the nursing profession.

"The BON and PRC are guilty of eroding the integrity of the nursing profession," she said. "These people have shamelessly allowed themselves to be used as pawns of business interests."

Gene Nisperos, HEAD secretary general, said "comprehensive solutions," not mere partial retake of the examinations are needed to uphold the quality of Filipino nurses.

"It is the PRC, BON, Commission on Higher Education and the Arroyo government that should have accountability (in this issue)," he said. "Not the examinees."

Nisperos said Malacañang should not compromise the future of the examinees just to get a testing center of the United States’ National Council for Licensure Examination set up in the Philippines.

"The hand of Malacañang will always be there because these people have been appointed precisely to ensure the continued implementation of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s labor export policy," he said.

"The Arroyo government should stop treating the nursing profession as an export industry in its distorted vision of globalization."

Meanwhile, the Senate has served "show cause orders" to top PRC officials and the National Bureau of Investigation for their failure to attend the inquiry on the alleged examination leakage.

Sen. Rodolfo Biazon, committee on civil service and government reorganization chairman, directed PRC chairwoman Leonor Tripon-Rosero, and commissioners Renato Valdecantos and Avelina dela Rea to explain why they should not be held in contempt for not showing up at the Senate hearings.

The same show cause order was served on lawyer Elfren Meneses Jr., NBI Anti-Fraud and Computer Crimes Division chief.

Retired Maj. Gen. Jose Balajadia Jr. Senate Sergeant-at-arms, through the Senate Legislative Committee secretary Paraluman Zulueta, has informed Biazon that his office has sent the orders to the PRC and NBI officials.

The same were received by their representatives, he added.

In a one-page order, Biazon said the show cause orders were issued because the PRC and NBI officials failed to appear and testify in the committee’s inquiry, in aid of legislation, scheduled last Aug. 30, 2006 despite due notice.

The committee also summoned George Cordero, Philippine College of Health Services president, whose registered address is at Doña Narcisa Building along C.M. Recto Avenue in Manila.

Biazon sought an explanation within five days why Rosero, Valdecantos, Dela Rea and Meneses should not be cited in contempt of the Senate.

The Senate might order the arrest of the PRC and NBI officials if they fail to justify their failure to appear in the Senate hearings.

Cordero, also president of the Inress Review Center Inc. which was linked to the leakage, was also "commanded to appear" on Thursday next week at 10 a.m. for the next hearing at the Senate.

http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl104594.htm

Cordero was directed by the committee to bring with him the list of enrollees at all branches of the Inress Review Center who took the review for the Nurses’ board examinations on June 11 and 12, and the copy of the power point presentation given to reviewees on June 8 and 9 at the SM Cinema in Manila.

"Fail not under the penalty of law," read the one-page subpoena sent to Cordero and signed by Biazon.

Rosero, who attended the budget hearing last Wednesday at the Senate, cited President Arroyo’s memorandum order 108 as a reason for her absence in the hearings on the nursing examinations controversy.

"We came here for the budget hearing. In the other hearings, we were just following the Memorandum Circular 108 guideline," said Rosero, referring to the order of the Palace to secure questions to be asked during inquiries before executive officials would attend congressional inquiries.

Rosero stood pat on the PRC‘s decision not to have a retake of the examinations despite the controversy caused by the alleged leakage.

"When we released the results of the board examination, we decided already that there is no retake," she said.

On Wednesday’s budget hearing, Sen. Franklin Drilon scolded Rosero for her failure to appear in previous hearings of the Senate committee on civil service and government reorganization that conducted the inquiry on the alleged examination leakage.

"You know, we will be more sympathetic to your needs if you appear in the committee hearings of the Senate other than the budget hearings... so how can we be sympathetic to your cause, Chairperson Rosero," he said.

"You ignore the summons of the Senate in the inquiry on the leak... and here you come to us saying, ‘we can utilize P14-million for other activities?"

Drilon was irked when Rosero pushed for the PRC to get the P14-million budget, instead, "for other PRC activities."

Rosero said the additional funds were not needed since the PRC has decided not to go for a re-take of the nursing examinations.

"(Based on) The statistical results, it is impossible for us to identify who benefited from the leakage," she said.

"The leakage came out in the form of a manuscript of 500 test questions prepared by the Board of Examiners and not the actual examination that came out." — With Christina Mendez

FROM : http://www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl104594.htm

Davao NLE passers: Give us our license

Davao NLE passers: Give us our license
By Mai Gevera
http://www.pia.gov.ph/news.asp?fi=p060907.htm&no=05

Davao City (7 September) -- About 200 Nursing Licensure Examination passers in the Davao region have signed a manifesto asking for the lifting of the Temporary Restraining Order issued by the Court of Appeals and to finally give them their license.

After months of keeping mum on the blown-up NLE 2006 leakage that has stranded more than 17,000 passers nationwide from acquiring their license and practicing their profession, the Davao passers together with their parents and school managers finally called for a "no retake".


Don't punish the innocent

"There is no leak in Davao city, in Region XI, in the whole of Mindanao and Visayas. This leakage issue should not punish us who have in no way received any leak from the imperial Manila.", said Irvin Ted Bagongon, a passer from San Pedro College.

Rumors of leaks was believed to emanate from the cities of Baguio and Manila linking the name of RA Gapuz Review Center which was rumored as the source of the leak.

In the manifesto, passers claimed that the issue seemed to have only been feasted by the people in Luzon leaving the provincial passers just waiting for whatever decision and developments made in metro Manila.

It says "in Davao city, the smoke of truth and integrity have risen from the examinees. Leaks in any form and in any way have never reached our hands."


Unemployed nurses

In a press conference held yesterday at the Philippine Information Agency, some passers voiced how they have suffered from this year's "leak issue". " We have already taken oath. But most of us have been denied from working in major medical establishments in the city due to this TRO.", said one passer.

It was bared that most of this year's passers have suffered the stigma, and some being discriminated in the workplace.

In the manifesto, the passers unanimously call for fair treatment and consideration of local hospitals and the academe.


http://www.pia.gov.ph/news.asp?fi=p060907.htm&no=05

Parents of the passers explained, " they should not just base their hiring on one examination only."

Passers said that their four years of academic and actual clinical training provided by their schools can speak more of it than the written examination.

There are about 3,000 passers in the region who are currently jobless.


On credibility and competency

While some of the Manila NLE takers stood for a "re-take" for the so-called competency issue which they seemed to be protecting foreign employers, Davao passers are one in pushing for a "no-retake"

" It is so hard for us to take the same exam again especially when we know that we did not cheat. They just don't know how hard it was for us to undergo the whole process from studying for four years until taking the exam.", said Aiza Felyn Bosio.

People pushing for a retake are banking on the competency and credibility principles saying, "we can only erase the bad image of Philippine nurses if we take the exam all over again to prove that we are competent."

" We believe that if we apply for a job outside the country, employers will not just base their criteria on one exam. PNA Corporate Secretary and Region XI Governor Roberto Palec said.

He also bared that after getting all the sentiments of the passers all over the country, the no-retake side weighed more."

As regional governor, Palec conducted a region-wide consultation in the various nursing schools to gather their respective stand on the issue.

Palec even bared that most of the protesters in Manila shouting for a re-take were actually second year students of the University of the Philippines and the University of Santo Tomas.

" We called for a no-retake but we do not stop anyone who wanted to take the exam all over again." (PIA-XI)


FROM : http://www.pia.gov.ph/news.asp?fi=p060907.htm&no=05

Speed up the probe on the leakage scandal

Speed up the probe on the leakage scandal
http://bond.lanesystems.com/sitegen/article.asp?wid=125&cid=453&aid=38006

The issue whether the leakage-tainted licensure exam for nurses given last June should have a retake of the test continues to rage.
Although an investigation on the exam scandal is on-going, the nation is divided on the issue. The Professional Regulatory Commission and the Board of Nursing which are in the eye of the storm had scheduled the oath-taking of the passers last August 22 but the Court of Appeals has issued a temporary restraining order for the PRC and the Board of Nursing to “cease and desist from proceeding with the oath-taking.”

The Philippine Nursing Association the original stand of which was for all the successful examinees to have a retake of the test has a change of heart. It now opposes a repeat of the test. The Davao chapter of the Association of Nursing Administration of the Philippines (ANSAP), the national organization of schools and colleges offering nursing courses, is likewise against a retake, saying that it is unfair for nursing graduates in the Davao region who passed the test because they “did not participate in the leakage scandal.” Of the 42,006 takers in the June 11-12 exam, 12,17, 821 hurdled the test.


http://bond.lanesystems.com/sitegen/article.asp?wid=125&cid=453&aid=38006

In the face of the raging controversy, the on-going probe into the leakage scandal should be speeded up so as to punish the guilty and clear the innocent at the earliest time possible. The call of parents of nursing graduates in Davao who passed the test to the appellate court to allow their children to take their oath is understandable. But the better part of prudence would be for the TRO issued by the CA last August 18 to stay pending the results of the official investigation.

It would be to the interest of all concerned not to rush the oath-taking of the successful examinees. While the passers who did not take part in the scandal may feel prejudiced by the putting on hold of their oath-taking, it will be worse if those who actually benefited from the leakage are allowed to take their oath and given their licenses.

FROM : http://bond.lanesystems.com/sitegen/article.asp?wid=125&cid=453&aid=38006

Filipino nurses in NY score ‘early victory’ -- consul

Filipino nurses in NY score ‘early victory’ -- consul

By Veronica Uy
INQ7.net
Last updated 05:09pm (Mla time) 09/07/2006

THE Filipino nurses in New York who accused their recruitment agency of breach of contract and unfair labor practice have scored an “early victory” in their case, Philippine consul general to New York Cecilia Rebong said in e-mail exchanges with INQ7.net.

“We note that Attorney [Felix] Vinluan and the nurses score(d) an early ‘victory’ in the case when the New York Supreme Court denied the motion of (recruitment agency) Sentosa for the issuance of a preliminary injunction against the former,” she said in answer to questions regarding the case.

Among the 26 nurses is 2004 medical board topnotcher Elmer Jacinto.

At the same time, Rebong confirmed that Vinluan and the nurses face a civil case filed by Sentosa for alleged breach of contract and “tortuous interference of contracts.” The case is still pending in court.

She also confirmed that Presidential Chief of Staff Michael Defensor contacted her but not to intervene on behalf of the recruitment agency but merely to ask about the status of the case filed by the nurses against Sentosa and what her office has done about it.

Rebong said she met with Vinluan and the nurses.

“I also informed the Secretary that after the meeting, the consul general submitted its findings and recommendations to the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA). One of the recommendations was for the DFA to endorse the matter to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) for further investigation and appropriate action,” she added.

Rebong said she saw nothing wrong with the phone call, describing it as “one of so many calls made by one government official to another in the ordinary course of conducting duties and functions of their office.”

She also said her office has lent and would continue to lend assistance to the nurses and any Filipino groups or individuals seeking its help. “The nurses’ counsel, Attorney Vinluan, and the nurses themselves are aware of the extent to which the consul general has gone to assist them,” she said.

In a related development, the 26 nurses wrote Senate Minority Leader Aquilino Pimentel Jr. and Akbayan party-list Representative Mario Aguja to thank them for “boldly presenting our case to the Congress.”

The nurses, who said they have been without jobs for more than a month, said their case has caused them “sleepless nights and absence of peace of mind.”

“We had hoped, ever since our resignation, that our fellow Filipinos would know our cause; that they would hear and learn from our experience. When we took on this huge step, it was not without careful thought, we were all aware of the possible consequences that comes with it,” they said.

“When we heard the news that you were making a speech about our plight, we were unbelievably overwhelmed. The chance to be finally heard in our own land is like the sun breaking through dark clouds,” they said in a letter, a copy of which was given to INQ7.net.

The nurses are: Juliet Anilao, Harriet Avila, Dulce Corazon Bayot, Archiel Buagas, Annabelle Capulong, Maricelle Dealo, Mark Dela Cruz, Maritoni Dela Rosa, Alipio Esguerra Jr., Claudine Gamiao, Carlo Conrad Garcia, Eduardo Ilagan, Elmer Jacinto, Cecille Jayo, Jennifer Lampa, Eileen Magnaye, James Millena, Rizza Maulion, Rhean Kissette Montecillo, Mitzi Ann Ong, Noralyn Ortega, Louella Paglinawan, Dondon Parungao, Ma. Theresa Ramos, Ritchel Salve, and Ranier Sichon.

FROM: http://globalnation.inq7.net/news/news/view_article.php?article_id=19572

Ombudsman forms panel on nursing exam leak

Ombudsman forms panel on nursing exam leak

Article posted September 8, 2006, 5:18 pm

The Office of the Ombudsman has formed a five-man panel to investigate the leakage of the nursing board exams last June, GMANews.TV learned Friday.

Overall Deputy Ombudsman Orlando Casimiro was designated as chairman of the panel, while agency director Susan Guillermo, was named vice chair.

Other panel members are director Eulogio Cecilio and Lawyers Silverio Manuel Jr and Mary Antonette Yalao.

Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez ordered the creation of the panel after evaluating the findings of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), which already furnished pertinent documents to her office

. Board of Nursing members Anesia Dionisio and Virginia Madeja were found possibly liable for violating Republic Act (RA) 8981, otherwise known as An Act Modernizing the Professional Regulatory Commission, and RA 3019 or the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act.

The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), which filed a complaint into the matter before the NBI, earlier recommended administrative sanctions against Madeja and Dionisio.

For his part, Casimiro said the panel will determine if it should begin a fact-finding investigation or to conduct preliminary hearings.

Palace officials are pushing for a retake of the exam, but only in areas where the leakage took place.

The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), in its report to Malacañang, said most of the areas where the leakage took place were in Luzon.-GMANews.TV

http://www.gmanews.tv/breakingnews.php?sec=2&id=14908

NBI seeks Ombudsman rap vs BON examiners

NBI seeks Ombudsman rap vs BON examiners


The National Bureau of Investigation has recommended the filing of charges against two Board of Nursing (BON) examiners for the June 2006 Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE) leakage, ANC reported Friday.
The NBI investigaing body passed the recommendation to the Office of the Ombudsman Thursday.


NBI said in its recommendation that BON examiners Anesia Dionisio and Virginia Madeja should be prosecuted for violating Republic Act 8981 (Professional Regulation Commission Modernization Act) and Republic Act 3019 (Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act).

The NBI report said Dionisio's excuse that she lost the original copy of her test questions was unacceptable since she never reported the incident prior to inquiries set by both PRC and BON.
"The custody of the original manuscript was never relegated by Dionisio. It was noted that it was only during the investigation before the BON that Dionisio gave alibis of its loss," the NBI report said.


The bureau also rejected Madeja's claim that her manuscript could have been copied while she was photocopying test questions at a computer shop.

The NBI probe corroborated an earlier PRC investigation that found Dionisio and Madeja responsible for the NLE leakage.

The PRC investigation also pinned George Cordero, former president of the Philippine Nurses Association, based on witnesses' testimonies that he paid P7 million to get copies of the leaked questions.

Leaked questions were allegedly shown to examinees during the "final coaching" conducted by INRESS Review Center in SM Manila last June that was allegedly attended by Cordero. Cordero, who owns INRESS, denied the allegations.

Reports, meanwhile, said that despite clamor for a retake of the nursing exam, only three passers signed a waiver with PRC that they are willing to invalidate their passing grades and take the December exam.

PRC Chairwoman Leonor Tripon-Rosero said passers have until November to sign the waiver.

http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=49845

DOH warns vs dengue fogging drive

DOH warns vs dengue fogging drive


Fogging operations aimed at driving dengue-carrying mosquitoes away could only worsen the situation in communities hit by the killer disease, the Department of Health warned Friday.


"[The public] should not let fogging operations being conducted by local governments because it might worsen the dengue problem in your areas," Dr. Eric Tayag, director of DOH-National Epidemiology Center, told Magandang Umaga Pilipinas.

Reports had said that fogging operations fail because these merely drive away mosquitoes to other areas.

Tayag said communities with rising number of dengue cases should coordinate with DOH for "search and destroy" operations against dengue mosquitoes.

"Together, we will identify and destroy the breeding grounds of mosquitoes," he said.

Tayag reminded the public that drums, water containers, unused bottles, tires and house plants are the common breeding grounds of dengue-carrying mosquitoes.

DOH records said that from January 1 to August 29 this year, it has recorded 13,468 dengue cases nationwide.

Metro Manila topped the DOH list with 4,222 cases, followed by Central Luzon (1,898), Central Visayas (1,752) and Cordillera Administrative Region (922).

DOH, however, said the number of reported cases has decreased by 42 percent compared to last year.

Tayag said that outbreak reported in Barangay Maybangkal in Morong, Rizal is the only village affected in the town.

"DOH confirmed that there is a dengue outbreak in Barangay Maybangkal in Morong, Rizal. It’s not [the whole of] Morong," he said.

At least three deaths have been reported in the village. Residents, meanwhile, have scrambled to as far as towns nearby for anti-dengue medicines and lotion against mosquitoes.

Tayag said DOH has come up with a list of dengue clusters, which means, two or three cases have been reported in the last two to four weeks.

In Quezon City, meanwhile, areas that were listed as dengue-hit were Tatalon, Tandang Sora, San Bartolome, Payatas, Masambong, Loyola Heights, Holy Spirit, Gulod, Novaliches, Cubao, Commonwealth, Manreza, Batasan Hills and Bagbag.

Tayag said there are also a few number of dengue cases in the Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela areas and Taguig. Several cases were also reported in Dagupan City in Pangasinan, Bulacan and Taytay, Rizal.

FROM: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=49820

NBI seeks Ombudsman rap vs BON examiners

NBI seeks Ombudsman rap vs BON examiners


The National Bureau of Investigation has recommended the filing of charges against two Board of Nursing (BON) examiners for the June 2006 Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE) leakage, ANC reported Friday.

The NBI investigaing body passed the recommendation to the Office of the Ombudsman Thursday.

NBI said in its recommendation that BON examiners Anesia Dionisio and Virginia Madeja should be prosecuted for violating Republic Act 8981 (Professional Regulation Commission Modernization Act) and Republic Act 3019 (Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act).

The NBI report said Dionisio's excuse that she lost the original copy of her test questions was unacceptable since she never reported the incident prior to inquiries set by both PRC and BON.

"The custody of the original manuscript was never relegated by Dionisio. It was noted that it was only during the investigation before the BON that Dionisio gave alibis of its loss," the NBI report said.

The bureau also rejected Madeja's claim that her manuscript could have been copied while she was photocopying test questions at a computer shop.

The NBI probe corroborated an earlier PRC investigation that found Dionisio and Madeja responsible for the NLE leakage.

The PRC investigation also pinned George Cordero, former president of the Philippine Nurses Association, based on witnesses' testimonies that he paid P7 million to get copies of the leaked questions.

Leaked questions were allegedly shown to examinees during the "final coaching" conducted by INRESS Review Center in SM Manila last June that was allegedly attended by Cordero. Cordero, who owns INRESS, denied the allegations.

Reports, meanwhile, said that despite clamor for a retake of the nursing exam, only three passers signed a waiver with PRC that they are willing to invalidate their passing grades and take the December exam.

PRC Chairwoman Leonor Tripon-Rosero said passers have until November to sign the waiver.

FROM: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=49845

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever
by Dr. Eduardo G Gonzales

Last July 28, the Department of Education (DepEd) raised an alert against dengue hemorrhagic fever, but their press release on the matter contained very few details on the disease itself. For information of the public can you discuss dengue in your column, especially on how to prevent it? — Maria M., Malabon City

The Department of Education (DepEd) has indeed issued an alert against dengue hemorrhagic fever last July 28, as part of its efforts to protect the populace from the disease following the release of a Weekly Disease Surveillance Report from the Department of Health (DoH), which showed that dengue remains number two on the list of the most prevalent diseases in the Philippines.

In its memorandum, the DepEd directed all school administrators to mobilize school health personnel to disseminate information on the prevention and control of dengue.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that is endemic in the Philippines. It occurs year-round but its incidence is higher during the rainy season because its mosquito vector is able to breed more rapidly during this period. Annually, dengue fever affects thousands of Filipinos, mostly children, and accounts for dozens of deaths.

Dengue fever is caused by any of four strains (1, 2, 3 and 4) of the dengue virus. The virus is transmitted to humans by the Aedes mosquito; it is not capable of human to human transmission. At least two species of this mosquito, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, serve as vector of the virus. In the Philippines, the main vector is Aedes aegypti.

The Aedes mosquito is a small mosquito (3-4 mm long, minus the legs). It is black but it has white dots on its back and head regions and white stripes on its legs. Only the female mosquito bites and it does so because animal blood is needed for proper development of its eggs. The dengue mosquito, which prefers human blood over blood of other animals, loves to bite during the day, but it also bites at night.

The mosquito acquires the dengue virus when it bites a person with dengue fever. The virus proliferates inside, but otherwise does not harm, the mosquito. Later, the viruses find their way and stay in the salivary glands of the mosquito.

Eight to 11 days after biting an infected human, the mosquito becomes infective and remains so for the rest of its life, which lasts from 15-65 days. When it bites a human, an infective mosquito unknowingly injects the dengue virus into the person.

The female Aedes mosquito breeds in stagnant water. It lays up to a hundred eggs at a time, in every possible place where non-running water exists: flower vases, jars, pots, bottles, drums, roof gutters, drains, old tires, tree cavities, plant stumps, etc.

The eggs hatch into larvae (wrigglers) about a week after being laid. Another week later, the larvae transform into pupae, which become adult mosquitoes in another one to three days. By the way, the embryonated eggs can withstand dry conditions for up to a year then promptly hatch when the rains come.

The signs and symptoms of dengue fever appear three to 15 days after the bite of an infective mosquito. They include moderate to high grade fever that lasts for five to seven days, headache, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, joint and muscle pains, pain around the eye area, and a skin rash.
Dengue fever is usually a mild, self-limiting illness, but the pattern of presentation of the disease has apparently changed. Cases of the severe form of the illness, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (H-fever) are on the upsurge. Typically, in H fever, bleeding that usually involves the gastrointestinal tract, skin and nervous system occurs when the fever has already subsided.

Immunization is arguably the best way to prevent dengue. A vaccine against the virus has already been developed and is reportedly already in use in Thailand, but it is not being used in the Philippines yet.

Even without a vaccine, dengue fever can be prevented by eliminating all possible breeding places of its mosquito vector. Within their neighborhood (note: the flight range of the Aedes mosquito rarely exceeds 100 meters) people must: fill potholes, cover water containers and septic tanks; not allow empty cans, soft drink bottles, spare tires, etc. to accumulate water; ensure that drains and gutters are not clogged and that water flows freely in sewage lines; and, dispose garbage properly and regularly.

Additionally, people should protect themselves from mosquitos by: screening their house or using mosquito nets, mosquito repellants and/or mosquito coils ("katol") and mats. Likewise, persons with dengue fever should be isolated in a screened room for at least five days from the onset of the symptoms.

Address inquiries on health matters to Dr. Eduardo G. Gonzales, DLSU College of Medicine, Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114.

Source: http://www.mb.com.ph/HLTH2006090873593.html

Thursday, September 07, 2006

December nursing board to take place after all -- PRC

December nursing board to take place after all -- PRC
http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/metroregions/view_article.php?article_id=19553

Exam may be prepared by non-nurses

By Veronica Uy
INQ7.net
Last updated 05:09pm (Mla time) 09/07/2006


AFTER warning the Senate that a vacant Board of Nursing (BON) may postpone the scheduled nursing licensure examination this December, Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Leonor Tripon-Rosero on Thursday gave assurances the test will push through after all.

“Test item writers,” not all of them necessarily nurses, will prepare the 2,500 questions for the December board exams if the BON, whose members resigned after the leakage scandal surrounding the June licensure test went public, remains unfilled, Rosero told INQ7.net in a phone interview.

Rosero having non-nurses prepare the nursing board questions is normal. “We've done that before, in 1997, when there were no board examiners for teachers,” she said.

However, she said they would prefer the writers be nurses “so that they have the technical know-how.”

She acknowledged that the normal six-month lead time to prepare the exams would be reduced to only about a month-and-a-half if the PRC used test item writers but stressed that “it is possible to do this.”

Rosero said six-month lead time includes interviewing the nominees to the BON and their appointment by the President.

http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/metroregions/view_article.php?article_id=19553

Explaining the process, Rosero said each of the five test item writers is required to come up with 500 questions.

If they complete 10 questions a day, they can achieve the required number in 50 days, after which the PRC has the 2,500 questions validated.

Finally, the 500 questions actually used for the test are randomly picked.

This time, Rosero vowed, no leakage of test questions would happen.

“We will be strict. We will make sure that the manuscript or databank will not get in the wrong hands,” she said.

Rosero insisted the leaks did not come from the PRC but from the BON. “They neglected their duties even after they signed a security declaration,” she said.

The PRC chief said she is still hopeful that enough of the 33 nurses and nursing professors invited to fill up the seven BON seats would accept, although with just a week before the self-imposed September 14 deadline for filling the board, there are still no takers.

Informed that some of the 33 were hesitant to accept the invitation for fear they would be forced to clean up the mess left by the June exam scandal, Rosero said: “We will do this, as long as everybody will help out, as long as there is no TRO (temporary restraining order).”

She said some 20,000 nursing graduates have applied for the test this December. “Kawawa naman sila (Pity them). We will push through the exam for them.”

Earlier, she estimated that 60,000 examinees, including the 27,000 who flunked the June 2006 test, will take the exam this December in 10 testing centers nationwide, including the one at the central office.

FROM :
http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/metroregions/view_article.php?article_id=19553


Pinoy nurses accused of abandoning NY patients

Pinoy nurses accused of abandoning NY patients

The lawyer of a recruitment agency accused of exploiting 28 Filipino nurses abroad on Thursday turned the tables on the complainants by accusing them of abandoning their patients in New York.

"Naghain kami ng kaso, inilagay namin doon 'yung mga nangyari na iniwan nila 'yung mga pasyente noong April 5, 6 and 7 of 2006 (We filed a complaint because they abandoned their patients)," Ibarro Relamida Jr. told a Magandang Umaga Pilipinas interview.

He said the complaint filed by Sentosa Recruitment Agency was received by the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration on May 9. POEA, however, suspended Sentosa on May 24. On June 8 the suspension was lifted.

"Na-receive namin 'yung order of suspension without any complaint attached to the suspension order so ang ginawa namin we filed our motion to lift the suspension order (We received the suspension order without any complaint attached so we filed a motion to lift the order)," Relamida said.

He said Sentosa's complaints against the 28 nurses, who he did not name, were supported by documents proving the agency's claim.

Relamida said the agency had also filed the report before the New York State Education Department. "There is now a danger that their (nurses') license to work in the United States will be revoked."

Mike tagged

Sentosa hogged the headlines after Senate Minority Leader Aquilino Pimentel Jr. delivered a privilege speech Monday that accused Presidential Chief of Staff Michael Defensor of lobbying for the lifting of a suspension order slapped against the agency.

Pimentel claimed that the suspension order was lifted two days after Defensor called POEA chief Rosalinda Baldoz.

Relamida, however, said Sentosa has submitted all the necessary documents and presented strong evidence to the POEA to lift the suspension. He maintained that the nurses were properly compensated despite their infraction.

The lawyer said the agency’s deployment of nurses abroad will continue despite the controversy.

"There are 500 Filipino nurses working with Sentosa right now. These 28 nurses are not even 10 percent [of that number]. More than 470 are happily working with us. In fact, six of these Flipino immigrants are now holding the highest positions [in] nursing home care," he said.

The nurses have accused the agency of reneging on several commitments made before they were deployed.

The benefits include a competitive salary ranging from $21-$35 per hour, medical coverage, relocation and housing allowance, free malpractice insurance, free airfare from Manila to New York, reimbursement of processing certification and licensure fees, generous shift differentials and flexible eight- and 12-hour schedules and comprehensive training.

Pimentel said the agency failed the nurses, including a 2004 medical board topnotcher who opted to become a nurse, and did not pay them in accordance with their contracts.

FROM: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=49705

PRC won't cancel December nursing exam

PRC won't cancel December nursing exam

The Nursing Licensure Examination (NLE) in December will go on as scheduled, the Professional Regulation Commission said Thursday.

"If ever we fail to get board examiners [to prepare the questions], we have other means to give the examination," PRC Chairwoman Leonor-Tripon Rosero told ABS-CBN's Magandang Umaga Pilipinas.

Rosero said PRC will wait for the replies of some 30 members of the Philippine Nurses Association who were sent invitations to prepare the 500 questions for the NLE. She said the deadline was set for September 14.

She said the nurses selected will still have to submit requirements before PRC considers them to become board examiners.

PRC sent out invitations to prospective examiners after members of the Board of Nursing resigned in the aftermath of the leakage that marred the June exam.

During Wednesday's budget hearing at the Senate, Rosero told the members of the Committee on Finance that PRC has yet to prepare the 500 test questions for the December examination. Test questions are prepared at least six months before the exam.

Some 60,000 examinees are expected to take the December exam, including the 25,000 who failed the June test.

"There [are] no replacements yet for the Board of Nursing officials who have just resigned. PNA has yet to submit the names so we’ve provided them the list of personalities to fill the vacant positions. [We'll wait] for the submission on September 14," she said.

No additional budget

Rosero said that as early as 2003, PRC had been asking PNA for names to replace the board members who were still sitting on a holdover capacity.

"We’ll try to work it out and see how we can do [it] so we can conduct [the] examination in December," she said. "We’re also looking for options on how we [would] be able to give examinations. We hope we would be given a budget so that a portion of this will be used for [the salary of] test item writers."

The finance committee, chaired by Sen. Franklin Drilon, is, however, not keen on providing PRC the P14 million as supplemental budget supposedly to finance the retake of the June tests.

"So there’s no need for the P14-million budget since the PRC will not be holding a retake of the exam," Drilon said.

Rosero, however, insisted PRC still needs the allocation to hold nursing examinations outside the country like in Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Middle East as suggested by thousands of overseas Filipino workers.

A retest would likely happen if the Court of Appeals and eventually the Supreme Court order it. Rosero said the retake could take place in the middle of 2007 since the court proceedings will take longer to resolve.

In the interview Thursday Rosero maintained PRC's previous "no retake" stand.

Rosero had said that it's impossible to identify examinees that benefited from the leakage.

She also said that PRC is still waiting for the final result of the National Bureau of Investigation's probe.

She said PRC will not be able to give comments and resolve the issue pending NBI's investigation.

Some 17,000 examinees passed the June exam out of 42,000 nursing graduates who took it.

Those who passed failed to take their oath as new nurses after the appellate court issued a 60-day temporary restraining order

FROM: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=49703

Leakage tells of graft in gov't

Leakage tells of graft in gov't


Inquirer
Last updated 01:13am (Mla time) 09/07/2006

Published on Page A12 of the September 7, 2006 issue of the Philippine Daily Inquirer

THE cheating in the nurses' examination can be traced in part to the culture of corruption that seems to characterize the administration of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

We, of course, know of the many cases of corruption that have taken place during the Arroyo administration: the P728-million fertilizer scandal, the legally flawed purchase of vote-counting machines worth P1 billion and the mysterious Jose Pidal account, to name a few.

Ms Arroyo's refusal to allow her Cabinet officials and military officers to attend legislative investigations only shows that she is covering up irregularities committed by her administration. The hasty junking by the House of Representatives of the impeachment cases against Ms Arroyo, without looking into the substance of the complaints, was another cover-up.

Nothing should be spared to identify those who cheated in the June 2006 nursing board examination and those who helped them cheat. Those who cheated should be punished. Those who did not should be allowed to take their oaths. But to allow cheaters in the examinations to go scot-free would be to destroy the nursing profession, just as we are allowing the breakdown of our nation by allowing election cheaters to continue holding
office.

RHEA BAYONA, 9005-32, 29th Street, Villamor Air Base, Pasay City

FROM: http://opinion.inq7.net/inquireropinion/letterstotheeditor/view_article.php?article_id=19451

Examiners in nursing board leak a no show in PRC probe

Examiners in nursing board leak a no show in PRC probe

INQ7.net, GMA7
Last updated 12:31pm (Mla time) 09/07/2006

THE TWO examiners whose questions in the recent nursing board exam were allegedly leaked did not show up at a hearing Thursday of the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), GMA Network’s “Flash Report” said.

Anicia Dionisio and Virginia Madeja are facing administrative charges because of the incident, the report said.

But the report also said that the PRC and the lawyers of Dionisio and Madeja agreed that there would no longer be a trial and that the PRC would instead require them to submit position papers.

Meanwhile, several nursing groups rallied outside the PRC building to demand an independent investigation of the issue.

FROM: http://newsinfo.inq7.net/breakingnews/metroregions/view_article.php?article_id=19527

Wednesday, September 06, 2006

December Nursing Test in Jeopardy

December nursing test in jeopardy
By Ronnie E. Calumpita, Reporter


The nursing licensure examination scheduled for December might be called off because no one at the Professional Regulatory Commission’s Board of Nursing is preparing the test questions.

Leonor Tripon-Rosero, PRC chairman, said the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) has yet to submit to the board the list of its nominees for replacement to the board officials who resigned in mass in the aftermath of the leakage that attended the licensure exam given in June. The PRC schedules two nursing exams each year.

Rosero testified before the Senate Committee on Finance looking into the P46.9-billion supplemental budget Wednesday.

“None yet for December,” Rosero said when asked if the 500 test questions are being prepared in time for the December board examination. Test questions are prepared at least six months before the licensure exam.

Some 60,000 examinees are expected to take the December exam, including the 25,000 who failed the June tests.

“There is no replacement yet for the Board of Nursing officials who have just resigned. The PNA has yet to submit the names so we’ve provided them the list of personalities to fill the vacant positions. We’re waiting the submission on September 14,” she said.

Rosero said that as early as 2003 the PRC had been asking PNA for names to replace the board members who were still sitting on a holdover capacity.

“We’ll try to work it out and see how we can do so we can conduct examination in December,” she said. “We’re also looking for options on how we could be able to give examination. We hope we would be given budget so that portion of this will be used for test item writers.”

But the finance committee, chaired by Sen. Franklin Drilon, is not keen on providing the PRC P14 million as supplemental budget supposedly to finance the retake of the June tests.

“So there’s no need for the P14-million budget since the PRC will not be holding retake of the exam,” Drilon said.

But Rosero insisted the PRC still needs the allocation to hold nursing examinations outside the country like in Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia and other parts of the Middle East as suggested by thousands of overseas Filipino workers.

A retest would likely happen if the Court of Appeals and eventually the Supreme Court decide to order one. Rosero said would likely happen in the middle of 2007 since the court proceedings will take longer to resolve.


Source: http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2006/sept/07/yehey/top_stories/20060907top3.html

Fundamentals of Nursing : History , Concepts and Theories Correct Answers and Rationales

Fundamentals of Nursing : History , Concepts and Theories
By : Budek
http://www.pinoybsn.tk

NOTICE : Please comment up for errors, corrections, questions and comments.

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST I

Content Outline

1. Professional Nursing
A. Historical perspectives in nursing
B. Nursing as a profession
C. Theories in nursing
D. Health care delivery system


1. The four major concepts in nursing theory are the

A. Person, Environment, Nurse, Health
B. Nurse, Person, Environment, Cure
C. Promotive, Preventive, Curative, Rehabilitative
D. Person, Environment, Nursing, Health

* This is an actual board exam question and is a common board question. Theorist always describes The nursing profession by first defining what is NURSING, followed by the PERSON, ENVIRONMENT and HEALTH CONCEPT. The most popular theory was perhaps Nightingale’s. She defined nursing as the utilization of the persons environment to assist him towards recovery. She defined the person as somebody who has a reparative capabilities mediated and enhanced by factors in his environment. She describes the environment as something that would facilitate the person’s reparative process and identified different factors like sanitation, noise, etc. that affects a person’s reparative state.

2. The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery is theorized by

A. Nightingale
B. Benner
C. Swanson
D. King

* Florence nightingale do not believe in the germ theory, and perhaps this was her biggest mistake. Yet, her theory was the first in nursing. She believed that manipulation of environment that includes appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, sanitation etc. could provide the client’s body the nurturance it needs for repair and recovery.

3. For her, Nursing is a theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process of analysis and action related to care of the ill person

A. King
B. Henderson
C. Roy
D. Leininger

* Remember the word “ THEOROYTICAL “ For Callista Roy, Nursing is a theoretical body of knowledge that prescribes analysis and action to care for an ill person. She introduced the ADAPTATION MODEL and viewed person as a BIOSPSYCHOSOCIAL BEING. She believed that by adaptation, Man can maintain homeostasis.

4. According to her, Nursing is a helping or assistive profession to persons who are wholly or partly dependent or when those who are supposedly caring for them are no longer able to give care.

A. Henderson
B. Orem
C. Swanson
D. Neuman

* In self care deficit theory, Nursing is defined as A helping or assistive profession to person who are wholly or partly dependent or when people who are to give care to them are no longer available. Self care, are the activities that a person do for himself to maintain health, life and well being.

5. Nursing is a unique profession, Concerned with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to stressors, which are intra, inter and extra personal in nature.

A. Neuman
B. Johnson
C. Watson
D. Parse

* Neuman divided stressors as either intra, inter and extra personal in nature. She said that NURSING is concerned with eliminating these stressors to obtain a maximum level of wellness. The nurse helps the client through PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND TERTIARY prevention modes. Please do not confuse this with LEAVELL and CLARK’S level of prevention.

6. The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health that he would perform unaided if he has the necessary strength, will and knowledge, and do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.

A. Henderson
B. Abdellah
C. Levin
D. Peplau

* This was an actual board question. Remember this definition and associate it with Virginia Henderson. Henderson also describes the NATURE OF NURSING theory. She identified 14 basic needs of the client. She describes nursing roles as SUBSTITUTIVE : Doing everything for the client, SUPPLEMENTARY : Helping the client and COMPLEMENTARY : Working with the client. Breathing normally, Eliminating waste, Eating and drinking adquately, Worship and Play are some of the basic needs according to her.

7. Caring is the essence and central unifying, a dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines. Care is an essential human need.

A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson


* There are many theorist that describes nursing as CARE. The most popular was JEAN WATSON'S Human Caring Model. But this question pertains to Leininger's definition of caring. CUD I LIE IN GER? [ Could I Lie In There ] Is the Mnemonics I am using not to get confused. C stands for CENTRAL , U stands for UNIFYING, D stands for DOMINANT DOMAIN. I emphasize on this matter due to feedback on the last June 2006 batch about a question about CARING.

8. Caring involves 5 processes, KNOWING, BEING WITH, DOING FOR, ENABLING and MAINTAINING BELIEF.

A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson

* Caring according to Swanson involves 5 processes. Knowing means understanding the client. Being with emphasizes the Physical presence of the nurse for the patient. Doing for means doing things for the patient when he is incapable of doing it for himself. Enabling means helping client transcend maturational and developmental stressors in life while Maintaining belief is the ability of the Nurse to inculcate meaning to these events.

9. Caring is healing, it is communicated through the consciousness of the nurse to the individual being cared for. It allows access to higher human spirit.

A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson

* The deepest and spiritual definition of Caring came from Jean watson. For her, Caring expands the limits of openess and allows access to higher human spirit.

10. Caring means that person, events, projects and things matter to people. It reveals stress and coping options. Caring creates responsibility. It is an inherent feature of nursing practice. It helps the nurse assist clients to recover in the face of the illness.

A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson

* I think of CARE BEAR to facilitate retainment of BENNER. As in, Care Benner. For her, Caring means being CONNECTED or making things matter to people. Caring according to Benner give meaning to illness and re establish connection.

11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession according to Marie Jahoda?

A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group based on the application of special knowledge
B. It serves specific interest of a group
C. It is altruistic
D. Quality of work is of greater importance than the rewards

* Believe it or not, you should know the definition of profession according to Jahoda because it is asked in the Local boards. A profession should serve the WHOLE COMMUNITY and not just a specific intrest of a group. Everything else, are correct.

12. Which of the following is NOT an attribute of a professional?

A. Concerned with quantity
B. Self directed
C. Committed to spirit of inquiry
D. Independent

* A professional is concerned with QUALITY and not QUANTITY. In nursing, We have methods of quality assurance and control to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing care. Nurses, are never concerned with QUANTITY of care provided.

13. The most unique characteristic of nursing as a profession is

A. Education
B. Theory
C. Caring
D. Autonomy

* Caring and caring alone, is the most unique quality of the Nursing Profession. It is the one the delineate Nursing from other professions.

14. This is the distinctive individual qualities that differentiate a person to another

A. Philosophy
B. Personality
C. Charm
D. Character

* Personality are qualities that make us different from each other. These are impressions that we made, or the footprints that we leave behind. This is the result of the integration of one's talents, behavior, appearance, mood, character, morals and impulses into one harmonious whole. Philosophy is the basic truth that fuel our soul and give our life a purpose, it shapes the facets of a person's character. Charm is to attract other people to be a change agent. Character is our moral values and belief that guides our actions in life.

15. Refers to the moral values and beliefs that are used as guides to personal behavior and actions

A. Philosophy
B. Personality
C. Charm
D. Character

* Refer to number 14

16. As a nurse manager, which of the following best describes this function?

A. Initiate modification on client’s lifestyle
B. Protect client’s right
C. Coordinates the activities of other members of the health team in managing patient care
D. Provide in service education programs, Use accurate nursing audit, formulate philosophy and vision of the institution

* A refers to being a change agent. B is a role of a patient advocate. C is a case manager while D basically summarized functions of a nurse manager. If you haven't read Lydia Venzon's Book : NURSING MANAGEMENT TOWARDS QUALITY CARE, I suggest reading it in advance for your management subjects in the graduate school. Formulating philosophy and vision is in PLANNING. Nursing Audit is in CONTROLLING, In service education programs are included in DIRECTING. These are the processes of Nursing Management, I just forgot to add ORGANIZING which includes formulating an organizational structure and plans, Staffing and developing qualifications and job descriptions.

17. What best describes nurses as a care provider?

A. Determine client’s need
B. Provide direct nursing care
C. Help client recognize and cope with stressful psychological situation
D. Works in combined effort with all those involved in patient’s care

* You can never provide nursing care if you don't know what are the needs of the client. How can you provide an effective postural drainage if you do not know where is the bulk of the client's secretion. Therefore, the best description of a care provider is the accurate and prompt determination of the client's need to be able to render an appropriate nursing care.

18. The nurse questions a doctors order of Morphine sulfate 50 mg, IM for a client with pancreatitis. Which role best fit that statement?

A. Change agent
B. Client advocate
C. Case manager
D. Collaborator

* As a client's advocate, Nurses are to protect the client's right and promotes what is best for the client. Knowing that Morphine causes spasm of the sphincter of Oddi and will lead to further increase in the client's pain, The nurse knew that the best treatment option for the client was not provided and intervene to provide the best possible care.

19. These are nursing intervention that requires knowledge, skills and expertise of multiple health professionals.

A. Dependent
B. Independent
C. Interdependent
D. Intradependent

* Interdependent functions are those that needs expertise and skills of multiple health professionals. Example is when A child was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and the doctor ordered a high protein diet, Budek then work together with the dietician about the age appropriate high protein foods that can be given to the child, Including the preparation to entice the child into eating the food. NOTE : It is still debated if the diet in NS is low, moderate or high protein, In the U.S, Protein is never restricted and can be taken in moderate amount. As far as the local examination is concerned, answer LOW PROTEIN HIGH CALORIC DIET.

20. What type of patient care model is the most common for student nurses and private duty nurses?

A. Total patient care
B. Team nursing
C. Primary Nursing
D. Case management

* This is also known as case nursing. It is a method of nursing care wherein, one nurse is assigned to one patient for the delivery of total care. These are the method use by Nursing students, Private duty nurses and those in critical or isolation units.

21. This is the best patient care model when there are many nurses but few patients.

A. Functional nursing
B. Team nursing
C. Primary nursing
D. Total patient care

* Total patient care works best if there are many nurses but few patients.

22. This patient care model works best when there are plenty of patient but few nurses

A. Functional nursing
B. Team nursing
C. Primary nursing
D. Total patient care

* Functional nursing is task oriented, One nurse is assigned on a particular task leading to task expertise and efficiency. The nurse will work fast because the procedures are repetitive leading to task mastery. This care is not recommended as this leads fragmented nursing care.


23. RN assumes 24 hour responsibility for the client to maintain continuity of care across shifts, days or visits.

A. Functional nursing
B. Team nursing
C. Primary nursing
D. Total patient care

* Your keyword in Primary nursing is the 24 hours. This does not necessarily means the nurse is awake for 24 hours, She can have a SECONDARY NURSES that will take care of the patient in shifts where she is not arround.

24. Who developed the first theory of nursing?

A. Hammurabi
B. Alexander
C. Fabiola
D. Nightingale

* Refer to question # 2. Hammurabi is the king of babylon that introduces the LEX TALIONES law, If you kill me, you should be killed... If you rob me, You should be robbed, An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. Alexander the great was the son of King Philip II and is from macedonia but he ruled Greece including Persia and Egypt. He is known to use a hammer to pierce a dying soldier's medulla towards speedy death when he thinks that the soldier will die anyway, just to relieve their suffering. Fabiola was a beautiful roman matron who converted her house into a hospital.

25. She introduces the NATURE OF NURSING MODEL.

A. Henderson
B. Nightingale
C. Parse
D. Orlando

* Refer to question # 6.

26. She described the four conservation principle.

A. Levin
B. Leininger
C. Orlando
D. Parse

* Myra Levin described the 4 Conservation principles which are concerned with the Unity and Integrity of an individual. These are ENERGY : Our output to facilitate meeting of our needs. STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY : We mus maintain the integrity of our organs, tissues and systems to be able to function and prevent harmful agents entering our body. PERSONAL INTEGRITY : These refers to our self esteem, self worth, self concept, identify and personality. SOCIAL INTEGRITY : Reflects our societal roles to our society, community, family, friends and fellow individuals.

27. Proposed the HEALTH CARE SYSTEM MODEL.

A. Henderson
B. Orem
C. Parse
D. Neuman

* Betty Neuman asserted that nursing is a unique profession and is concerned with all the variables affecting the individual's response to stressors. These are INTRA or within ourselves, EXTRA or outside the individual, INTER means between two or more people. She proposed the HEALTH CARE SYSTEM MODEL which states that by PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARY prevention, The nurse can help the client maintain stability against these stressors.

28. Conceptualized the BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM MODEL

A. Orem
B. Johnson
C. Henderson
D. Parse

* According to Dorothy Johnson, Each person is a behavioral system that is composed of 7 subsystems. Man adjust or adapt to stressors by a using a LEARNED PATTERN OF RESPONSE. Man uses his behavior to meet the demands of the environment, and is able to modified his behavior to support these demands.

29. Developed the CLINICAL NURSING – A HELPING ART MODEL

A. Swanson
B. Hall
C. Weidenbach
D. Zderad

* Just remember ERNESTINE WEIDENBACHLINICAL.

30. Developed the ROLE MODELING and MODELING theory

A. Erickson,Tomlin,Swain
B. Neuman
C. Newman
D. Benner and Wrubel

31. Proposed the GRAND THEORY OF NURSING AS CARING

A. Erickson, Tomlin, Swain
B. Peterson,Zderad
C. Bnner,Wrubel
D. Boykin,Schoenhofer

* This theory was called GRAND THEORY because boykin and schoenofer thinks that ALL MAN ARE CARING, And that nursing is a response to this unique call. According to them, CARING IS A MORAL IMPERATIVE, meaning, ALL PEOPLE will tend to help a man who fell down the stairs even if he is not trained to do so.

32. Postulated the INTERPERSONAL ASPECT OF NURSING

A. Travelbee
B. Swanson
C. Zderad
D. Peplau

* Travelbee's theory was referred to as INTERPERSONAL theory because she postulated that NURSING is to assist the individual and all people that affects this individual to cope with illness, recover and FIND MEANING to this experience. For her, Nursing is a HUMAN TO HUMAN relationship that is formed during illness. To her, an individual is a UNIQUE and irreplaceable being in continuous process of becoming, evolving and changing. PLEASE do remember, that it is PARSE who postulated the theory of HUMAN BECOMING and not TRAVELBEE, for I read books that say it was TRAVELBEE and not PARSE.

33. He proposed the theory of morality that is based on MUTUAL TRUST

A. Freud
B. Erikson
C. Kohlberg
D. Peters

* Kohlber states that relationships are based on mutual trust. He postulated the levels of morality development. At the first stage called the PREMORAL or preconventional, A child do things and label them as BAD or GOOD depending on the PUNISHMENT or REWARD they get. They have no concept of justice, fairness and equity, for them, If I punch this kid and mom gets mad, thats WRONG. But if I dance and sing, mama smiles and give me a new toy, then I am doing something good. In the Conventional level, The individual actuates his act based on the response of the people around him. He will follow the rules, regulations, laws and morality the society upholds. If the law states that I should not resuscitate this man with a DNR order, then I would not. However, in the Post conventional level or the AUTONOMOUS level, the individual still follows the rules but can make a rule or bend part of these rules according to his own MORALITY. He can change the rules if he thinks that it is needed to be changed. Example is that, A nurse still continue resuscitating the client even if the client has a DNR order because he believes that the client can still recover and his mission is to save lives, not watch patients die.

34. He proposed the theory of morality based on PRINCIPLES

A. Freud
B. Erikson
C. Kohlberg
D. Peters

* Remember PETERS for PRINCIPLES. P is to P. He believes that morality has 3 components : EMOTION or how one feels, JUDGEMENT or how one reason and BEHAVIOR or how one actuates his EMOTION and JUDGEMENT. He believes that MORALITY evolves with the development of PRINCPLES or the person's vitrue and traits. He also believes in AUTOMATICITY of virtues or he calls HABIT, like kindness, charity, honesty, sincerity and thirft which are innate to a person and therfore, will be performed automatically.

35. Freud postulated that child adopts parental standards and traits through

A. Imitation
B. Introjection
C. Identification
D. Regression

* A child, according to Freud adopts parental standards, traits, habits and norms through identication. A good example is the corned beef commercial " WALK LIKE A MAN, TALK LIKE A MAN " Where the child identifies with his father by wearing the same clothes and doing the same thing.

36. According to them, Morality is measured of how people treat human being and that a moral child strives to be kind and just

A. Zderad and Peterson
B. Benner and Wrubel
C. Fowler and Westerhoff
D. Schulman and Mekler

* According to Schulman and Mekler, there are 2 components that makes an action MORAL : The intention should be good and the Act must be just. A good example is ROBIN HOOD, His intention is GOOD but the act is UNJUST, which makes his action IMMORAL.

37. Postulated that FAITH is the way of behaving. He developed four theories of faith and development based on his experience.

A. Giligan
B. Westerhoff
C. Fowler
D. Freud

* There are only 2 theorist of FAITH that might be asked in the board examinations. Fowler and Westerhoff. What differs them is that, FAITH of fowler is defined abstractly, Fowler defines faith as a FORCE that gives a meaning to a person's life while Westerhoff defines faith as a behavior that continuously develops through time.

38. He described the development of faith. He suggested that faith is a spiritual dimension that gives meaning to a persons life. Faith according to him, is a relational phenomenon.

A. Giligan
B. Westerhoff
C. Fowler
D. Freud

* Refer to # 37

39. Established in 1906 by the Baptist foreign mission society of America. Miss rose nicolet, was it’s first superintendent.

A. St. Paul Hospital School of nursing
B. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of nursing
C. Philippine General Hospital School of nursing
D. St. Luke’s Hospital School of nursing

40. Anastacia Giron-Tupas was the first Filipino nurse to occupy the position of chief nurse in this hospital.

A. St. Paul Hospital
B. Iloilo Mission Hospital
C. Philippine General Hospital
D. St. Luke’s Hospital

41. She was the daughter of Hungarian kings, who feed 300-900 people everyday in their gate, builds hospitals, and care of the poor and sick herself.

A. Elizabeth
B. Catherine
C. Nightingale
D. Sairey Gamp

* Saint Elizabeth of Hungary was a daughter of a King and is the patron saint of nurses. She build hospitals and feed hungry people everyday using the kingdom's money. She is a princess, but devoted her life in feeding the hungry and serving the sick.

42. She dies of yellow fever in her search for truth to prove that yellow fever is carried by a mosquitoes.

A. Clara louise Maas
B. Pearl Tucker
C. Isabel Hampton Robb
D. Caroline Hampton Robb

* Clara Louise Maas sacrificed her life in research of YELLOW FEVER. People during her time do not believe that yellow fever was brought by mosquitoes. To prove that they are wrong, She allowed herself to be bitten by the vector and after days, She died.

43. He was called the father of sanitation.

A. Abraham
B. Hippocrates
C. Moses
D. Willam Halstead

44. The country where SHUSHURUTU originated

A. China
B. Egypt
C. India
D. Babylonia

45. They put girls clothes on male infants to drive evil forces away

A. Chinese
B. Egyptian
C. Indian
D. Babylonian

* Chinese believes that male newborns are demon magnets. To fool those demons, they put female clothes to their male newborn.

46. In what period of nursing does people believe in TREPHINING to drive evil forces away?

A. Dark period
B. Intuitive period
C. Contemporary period
D. Educative period

* Egyptians believe that a sick person is someone with an evil force or demon that is inside their heads. To release these evil spirits, They would tend to drill holes on the patient's skull and it is called TREPHINING.

47. This period ended when Pastor Fliedner, build Kaiserwerth institute for the training of Deaconesses

A. Apprentice period
B. Dark period
C. Contemporary period
D. Educative period

* What dilineates apprentice period among others is that, it ENDED when formal schools were established. During the apprentice period, There is no formal educational institution for nurses. Most of them receive training inside the convent or church. Some of them are trained just for the purpose of nursing the wounded soldiers. But almost all of them are influenced by the christian faith to serve and nurse the sick. When Fliedner build the first formal school for nurses, It marked the end of the APPRENTICESHIP period.

48. Period of nursing where religious Christian orders emerged to take care of the sick

A. Apprentice period
B. Dark period
C. Contemporary period
D. Educative period

* Apprentice period is marked by the emergence of religious orders the are devoted to religious life and the practice of nursing.

49. Founded the second order of St. Francis of Assisi

A. St. Catherine
B. St. Anne
C. St. Clare
D. St. Elizabeth


* The poor clares, is the second order of St. Francis of assisi. The first order was founded by St. Francis himself. St. Catherine of Siena was the first lady with the lamp. St. Anne is the mother of mama mary. St. Elizabeth is the patron saint of Nursing.

50. This period marked the religious upheaval of Luther, Who questions the Christian faith.

A. Apprentice period
B. Dark period
C. Contemporary period
D. Educative period

* Protestantism emerged with Martin Luther questions the Pope and Christianity. This started the Dark period of nursing when the christian faith was smeared by controversies. These leads to closure of some hospital and schools run by the church. Nursing became the work of prostitutes, slaves, mother and least desirable of women.

51. According to the Biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of Sister Callista Roy, Man, As a SOCIAL being is

A. Like all other men
B. Like some other men
C. Like no other men
D. Like men

* According to ROY, Man as a social being is like some other man. As a spiritual being and Biologic being, Man are all alike. As a psychologic being, No man thinks alike. This basically summarized her BIOPSYHOSOCIAL theory which is included in our licensure exam coverage.

52. She conceptualized that man, as an Open system is in constant interaction and transaction with a changing environment.

A. Roy
B. Levin
C. Neuman
D. Newman

* OPEN system theory is ROY. As an open system, man continuously allows input from the environment. Example is when you tell me Im good looking, I will be happy the entire day, Because I am an open system and continuously interact and transact with my environment. A close system is best exemplified by a CANDLE. When you cover the candle with a glass, it will die because it will eventually use all the oxygen it needs inside the glass for combustion. A closed system do not allow inputs and output in its environment.

53. In a CLOSED system, which of the following is true?

A. Affected by matter
B. A sole island in vast ocean
C. Allows input
D. Constantly affected by matter, energy, information

54. Who postulated the WHOLISTIC concept that the totality is greater than sum of its parts?

A. Roy
B. Rogers
C. Henderson
D. Johnson

* The wholistic theory by Martha Rogers states that MAN is greater than the sum of all its parts and that his dignity and worth will not be lessen even if one of this part is missing. A good example is ANNE BOLEYN, The mother of Queen Elizabeth and the wife of King Henry VIII. She was beheaded because Henry wants to mary another wife and that his divorce was not approved by the pope. Outraged, He insisted on the separation of the Church and State and divorce Anne himself by making everyone believe that Anne is having an affair to another man. Anne was beheaded while her lips is still saying a prayer. Even without her head, People still gave respect to her diseased body and a separate head. She was still remembered as Anne boleyn, Mother of Elizabeth who lead england to their GOLDEN AGE.

55. She theorized that man is composed of sub and supra systems. Subsystems are cells, tissues, organs and systems while the suprasystems are family, society and community.

A. Roy
B. Rogers
C. Henderson
D. Johnson

* According to Martha Rogers, Man is composed of 2 systems : SUB which includes cells, tissues, organs and system and SUPRA which includes our famly, community and society. She stated that when any of these systems are affected, it will affect the entire individual.

56. Which of the following is not true about the human needs?

A. Certain needs are common to all people
B. Needs should be followed exactly in accordance with their hierarchy
C. Needs are stimulated by internal factors
D. Needs are stimulated by external factors

* Needs can be deferred. I can urinate later as not to miss the part of the movie's climax. I can save my money that are supposedly for my lunch to watch my idols in concert. The physiologic needs can be meet later for some other needs and need not be strictly followed according to their hierarchy.

57. Which of the following is TRUE about the human needs?

A. May not be deferred
B. Are not interrelated
C. Met in exact and rigid way
D. Priorities are alterable

* Refer to question # 56.

58. According to Maslow, which of the following is NOT TRUE about a self actualized person?

A. Understands poetry, music, philosophy, science etc.
B. Desires privacy, autonomous
C. Follows the decision of the majority, uphold justice and truth
D. Problem centered

* A,B and D are all qualities of a self actualized person. A self actualized person do not follow the decision of majority but is self directed and can make decisions contrary to a popular opinion.

59. According to Maslow, which of the following is TRUE about a self actualized person?

A. Makes decision contrary to public opinion
B. Do not predict events
C. Self centered
D. Maximum degree of self conflict

* Refer to question # 58.

60. This is the essence of mental health

A. Self awareness
B. Self actualization
C. Self esteem
D. Self worth

* The peak of maslow's hierarchy is the essence of mental health.

61. Florence nightingale is born in

A. Germany
B. Britain
C. France
D. Italy

* Florence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy, May 12, 1820. Studied in Germany and Practiced in England.

62. Which is unlikely of Florence Nightingale?

A. Born May 12, 1840
B. Built St. Thomas school of nursing when she was 40 years old
C. Notes in nursing
D. Notes in hospital

63. What country did Florence Nightingale train in nursing?

A. Belgium
B. US
C. Germany
D. England

64. Which of the following is recognized for developing the concept of HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS?

A. Erikson
B. Madaw
C. Peplau
D. Dunn

* According to Dunn, High level wellness is the ability of an individual to maximize his full potential with the limitations imposed by his environment. According to him, An individual can be healthy or ill in both favorable and unfavorable environment.

65. One of the expectations is for nurses to join professional association primarily because of

A. Promotes advancement and professional growth among its members
B. Works for raising funds for nurse’s benefit
C. Facilitate and establishes acquaintances
D. Assist them and securing jobs abroad

66. Founder of the PNA

A. Julita Sotejo
B. Anastacia Giron Tupas
C. Eufemia Octaviano
D. Anesia Dionisio

67. Which of the following provides that nurses must be a member of a national nurse organization?

A. R.A 877
B. 1981 Code of ethics approved by the house of delegates and the PNA
C. Board resolution No. 1955 Promulgated by the BON
D. RA 7164

* This is an old board resolution. The new Board resolution is No. 220 series of 2004 also known as the Nursing Code Of ethics which states that [ SECTION 17, A ] A nurse should be a member of an accredited professional organization which is the PNA.

68. Which of the following best describes the action of a nurse who documents her nursing diagnosis?

A. She documents it and charts it whenever necessary
B. She can be accused of malpractice
C. She does it regularly as an important responsibility
D. She charts it only when the patient is acutely ill

69. Which of the following does not govern nursing practice?

A. RA 7164
B. RA 9173
C. BON Res. Code Of Ethics
D. BON Res. Scope of Nursing Practice

* 7164 is an old law. This is the 1991 Nursing Law which was repealed by the newer 9173.

70. A nurse who is maintaining a private clinic in the community renders service on maternal and child health among the neighborhood for a fee is:

A. Primary care nurse
B. Independent nurse practitioner
C. Nurse-Midwife
D. Nurse specialist

71. When was the PNA founded?

A. September 22, 1922
B. September 02, 1920
C. October 21, 1922
D. September 02, 1922

* According to the official PNA website, they are founded September 02, 1922.

72. Who was the first president of the PNA ?

A. Anastacia Giron-Tupas
B. Loreto Tupas
C. Rosario Montenegro
D. Ricarda Mendoza

* Anastacia Giron Tupas founded the FNA, the former name of the PNA but the first President was Rosario Montenegro.

73. Defines health as the ability to maintain internal milieu. Illness according to him/her/them is the failure to maintain internal environment.

A. Cannon
B. Bernard
C. Leddy and Pepper
D. Roy

* According to Bernard, Health is the ability to maintain and Internal Milieu and Illness is the failure to maintain the internal environment.

74. Postulated that health is a state and process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person.

A. Cannon
B. Bernard
C. Dunn
D. Roy

* According to ROY, Health is a state and process of becoming a WHOLE AND INTEGRATED Person.

75. What regulates HOMEOSTASIS according to the theory of Walter Cannon?

A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Buffer system
D. Various mechanisms

* The theory of Health as the ability to maintain homeostasis was postulated by Walter Cannon. According to him, There are certain FEEDBACK Mechanism that regulates our Homeostasis. A good example is that when we overuse our arm, it will produce pain. PAIN is a negative feedback that signals us that our arm needs a rest.

76. Stated that health is WELLNESS. A termed define by the culture or an individual.

A. Roy
B. Henderson
C. Rogers
D. King

* Martha Rogers states that HEALTH is synonymous with WELLNESS and that HEALTH and WELLNESS is subjective depending on the definition of one's culture.

77. Defined health as a dynamic state in the life cycle, and Illness as interference in the life cycle.

A. Roy
B. Henderson
C. Rogers
D. King

* Emogene King states that health is a state in the life cycle and Illness is any interference on this cycle. I enjoyed the Movie LION KING and like what Mufasa said that they are all part of the CIRCLE OF LIFE, or the Life cycle.

78. She defined health as the soundness and wholness of developed human structure and bodily mental functioning.

A. Orem
B. Henderson
C. Neuman
D. Clark

* Orem defined health as the SOUNDNESS and WHOLENESS of developed human structure and of bodily and mental functioning.

79. According to her, Wellness is a condition in which all parts and subparts of an individual are in harmony with the whole system.

A. Orem
B. Henderson
C. Neuman
D. Johnson

* Neuman believe that man is composed of subparts and when this subparts are in harmony with the whole system, Wellness results. Please do not confuse this with the SUB and SUPRA systems of martha rogers.

80. Postulated that health is reflected by the organization, interaction, interdependence and integration of the subsystem of the behavioral system.

A. Orem
B. Henderson
C. Neuman
D. Johnson

* Once you see the phrase BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM, answer Dorothy Johnson.

81. According to them, Well being is a subjective perception of BALANCE, HARMONY and VITALITY

A. Leavell and Clark
B. Peterson and Zderad
C. Benner and Wruber
D. Leddy and Pepper

* According to Leddy and Pepper, Wellness is subjective and depends on an individuals perception of balance, harmony and vitality. Leavell and Clark postulared the ecologic model of health and illness or the AGENT-HOST-ENVIRONMENT model. Peterson and Zderad developed the HUMANISTIC NURSING PRACTICE theory while Benner and Wruber postulate the PRIMACY OF CARING MODEL.

82. He describes the WELLNESS-ILLNESS Continuum as interaction of the environment with well being and illness.

A. Cannon
B. Bernard
C. Dunn
D. Clark

83. An integrated method of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing one’s potential within the limitation of the environment.

A. Well being
B. Health
C. Low level Wellness
D. High level Wellness

84. What kind of illness precursor, according to DUNN is cigarette smoking?

A. Heredity
B. Social
C. Behavioral
D. Environmental

* Behavioral precursors includes smoking, alcoholism, high fat intake and other lifestyle choices. Environmental factors involved poor sanitation and over crowding. Heridity includes congenital and diseases acquired through the genes. There are no social precursors according to DUNN.

85. According to DUNN, Overcrowding is what type of illness precursor?

A. Heredity
B. Social
C. Behavioral
D. Environmental

86. Health belief model was formulated in 1975 by who?

A. Becker
B. Smith
C. Dunn
D. Leavell and Clark

* According to Becker, The belief of an individual greatly affects his behavior. If a man believes that he is susceptible to an illness, He will alter his behavior in order to prevent its occurence. For example, If a man thinks that diabetes is acquired through high intake of sugar and simple carbohydrates, then he will limit the intake of foods rich in these components.

87. In health belief model, Individual perception matters. Which of the following is highly UNLIKELY to influence preventive behavior?

A. Perceived susceptibility to an illness
B. Perceived seriousness of an illness
C. Perceived threat of an illness
D. Perceived curability of an illness

* If a man think he is susceptibe to a certain disease, thinks that the disease is serious and it is a threat to his life and functions, he will use preventive behaviors to avoid the occurence of this threat.

88. Which of the following is not a PERCEIVED BARRIER in preventive action?

A. Difficulty adhering to the lifestyle
B. Economic factors
C. Accessibility of health care facilities
D. Increase adherence to medical therapies

* Perceived barriers are those factors that affects the individual's health preventive actions. Both A and B can affect the individual's ability to prevent the occurence of diseases. C and D are called Preventive Health Behaviors which enhances the individual's preventive capabilities.

89. Conceptualizes that health is a condition of actualization or realization of person’s potential. Avers that the highest aspiration of people is fulfillment and complete development actualization.

A. Clinical Model
B. Role performance Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Eudaemonistic Model

* Smith formulated 5 models of health. Clinical model simply states that when people experience sign and symptoms, they would think that they are unhealthy therefore, Health is the absence of clinical sign and symptoms of a disease. Role performance model states that when a person does his role and activities without deficits, he is healthy and the inability to perform usual roles means that the person is ill. Adaptive Model states that if a person adapts well with his environment, he is healthy and maladaptation equates illness. Eudaemonistic Model of health according to smith is the actualization of a person's fullest potential. If a person functions optimally and develop self actualization, then, no doubt that person is healthy.

90. Views people as physiologic system and Absence of sign and symptoms equates health.

A. Clinical Model
B. Role performance Model
C. Adaptive Model
D. Eudaemonistic Model

* Refer to question # 89.

91. Knowledge about the disease and prior contact with it is what type of VARIABLE according to the health belief model?

A. Demographic
B. Sociopsychologic
C. Structural
D. Cues to action

* Modifying variables in Becker's health belief model includes DEMOGRAPHIC : Age, sex, race etc. SOCIOPSYCHOLOGIC : Social and Peer influence. STRUCTURAL : Knowledge about the disease and prior contact with it and CUES TO ACTION : Which are the sign and symptoms of the disease or advice from friends, mass media and others that forces or makes the individual seek help.

92. It includes internal and external factors that leads the individual to seek help

A. Demographic
B. Sociopsychologic
C. Structural
D. Cues to action

* Refer to question # 92.

93. Influence from peers and social pressure is included in what variable of HBM?

A. Demographic
B. Sociopsychologic
C. Structural
D. Cues to action

* Refer to question # 92.

94. Age, Sex, Race etc. is included in what variable of HBM?

A. Demographic
B. Sociopsychologic
C. Structural
D. Cues to action

* Refer to question # 92.


95. According to Leavell and Clark’s ecologic model, All of this are factors that affects health and illness except

A. Reservoir
B. Agent
C. Environment
D. Host

* According to L&C's Ecologic model, there are 3 factors that affect health and illness. These are the AGENT or the factor the leads to illness, either a bacteria or an event in life. HOST are persons that may or may not be affected by these agents. ENVIRONMENT are factors external to the host that may or may not predispose him to the AGENT.

96. Is a multi dimensional model developed by PENDER that describes the nature of persons as they interact within the environment to pursue health

A. Ecologic Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Health Promotion Model
D. Health Prevention Model


* Pender developed the concept of HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL which postulated that an individual engages in health promotion activities to increase well being and attain self actualization. These includes exercise, immunization, healthy lifestyle, good food, self responsibility and all other factors that minimize if not totally eradicate risks and threats of health.

97. Defined by Pender as all activities directed toward increasing the level of well being and self actualization.

A. Health prevention
B. Health promotion
C. Health teaching
D. Self actualization

* Refer to question # 96.

98. Defined as an alteration in normal function resulting in reduction of capacities and shortening of life span.

A. Illness
B. Disease
C. Health
D. Wellness

* Disease are alteration in body functions resulting in reduction of capabilities or shortening of life span.

99. Personal state in which a person feels unhealthy

A. Illness
B. Disease
C. Health
D. Wellness

* Illness is something PERSONAL. Unlike disease, Illness are personal state in which person feels unhealthy. An old person might think he is ILL but in fact, he is not due, to diminishing functions and capabilities, people might think they are ILL. Disease however, is something with tangible basis like lab results, X ray films or clinical sign and symptoms.

100. According to her, Caring is defined as a nurturant way of responding to a valued client towards whom the nurse feels a sense of commitment and responsibility.

A. Benner
B. Watson
C. Leininger
D. Swanson

* This is Jean Watson's definition of Nursing as caring. This was asked word per word last June 06' NLE. Benner defines caring as something that matters to people. She postulated the responsibility created by Caring in nursing. She was also responsible for the PRIMACY OF CARING MODEL. Leininger defind the 4 conservation principle while Swanson introduced the 5 processes of caring.





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